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Erectile dysfunction is a sexual dysfunction characterized by the incapability to acquire or maintain an erection of the penis sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. An erection occurs as a hydraulic effect due to blood rushing and being retained in sponge-like bodies within the penis. The process is most often initiated as a result of sexual arousal, when frequencies are transmitted from the brain to nerves in the pelvis. Erectile dysfunction is indicated when an erection is consistently hard or impossible to produce, despite arousal. There are various and often several underlying causes, some of which are treatable medical conditions. The most important organic causes are cardiovascular disease and diabetes, neurological problems , hormonal insufficiencies and drug side effects. It is important to realize that erectile dysfunction can signal underlying risk for cardiovascular disease. There is often a contributing and complicating and sometimes a primary psychological or relational problem. Psychological impotence is where erection or penetration fails due to thoughts or feelings rather than physical impossibility; this can often be helped. Particularly in psychological impotence, there is a strong response to placebo treatment. Erectile dysfunction, tied closely as it is to cultural notions of potency, success and masculinity, can have severe psychological consequences. There is a strong culture of silence and inability to discuss the matter. In reality, it has been estimated that around 1 in 10 men will experience recurring impotence problems at some point in their lives. Besides treating the fundamental causes and psychological outcomes, the first line treatment of erectile malfunction consists of a trial of inhibitor drugs. In some cases, treatment can involve prostaglandin tablets in the urethra, intracavernous injections with a fine needle into the penis that cause swelling, a penile prosthesis, a penis pump or vascular reconstructive surgery. The Latin term impotentia coeundi describes simple incapability to insert the penis into the vagina. It is now mostly replaced by more precise terms. The study of erectile malfunction within medicine is covered by andrology, a sub-field within urology. The term penis impotence is defined as the condition where a man has an ongoing problem achieving and maintaining an erection for intercourse, something which is supposed to affect upwards of 30 million men in the United States from 18 to 70 years of age. A man is said to be suffering from impotence when he can't get a good enough erection to have sex or his erection does not last long enough to finish intercourse. Impotence is also known as erectile malfunction (ED) and millions of men across the world suffer from this condition. While a man can suffer from impotence at any age, it is more common in men who are older than 65 years.
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